Glossary

Biologics

(Proteinaceous) large and complicated molecules designed to block disease in its early development in the immune system. Some biologics target a type of immune cell called T cells while others target the chemical messengers released by activated T cells. Generally taken by injection and are very expensive. Must also be taken continuously to maintain improvement. Long term safety is still being evaluated.

Cytokines

Proteins produced by white blood cells that act as chemical messengers between cells. They can stimulate or inhibit the growth and activity of various immune cells.

Small Molecule Drugs

Drug substances that have a low molecular weight. Small molecules penetrate cell membranes and the blood brain barrier more easily than larger molecular weight compounds such as proteins, peptides and carbohydrates. They can usually be administered orally or topically.