Glossary

Biologics

Large, complicated proteinaceous molecules (eg., antibody recombinant proteins) designed to treat disease. They are taken by injection and are very expensive. Must also be taken continually to maintain improvement. Long term safety is still being evaluated.

Cytokines

Small proteins or peptides produced by blood cells (eg., T-cells) that act as chemical messengers between cells. They have a wide range of cellular function including inhibiting/stimulating cell growth and migration, inflammation and differentiation etc., in various cell types.

Small Molecule Drugs

Drug substances that have a low molecular weight. Small molecules penetrate cell membranes and the blood brain barrier more easily than larger molecular weight compounds such as proteins, peptides and carbohydrates. They can usually be administered orally or topically.